3D-CT could clearly demonstrate the whole shape of Le Fort type fractures and identify the classification of Le Fort fractures.ģD-CT is the best imaging method for the diagnosis of Le Fort type fractures and can provide valuable information of space relationship, especially for the design of treatment plan before operation. 2D-CT could be used to define the tiny fractures and the deep-structure fractures more accurately compared with 3D-CT, but the real impression of Le Fort type fractures could not be correctly evaluated on 2D-CT. Fifty-five cases coexisted with other fractures in maxillofacial region. The compound fractures were the most common type and accounted for 56.5% (n=35, 18 cases with Le Fort I+II fracture, 10 cases with Le Fort II+III fracture and 7 cases with Le Fort I+ II+III fracture). The patients with Le Fort I, Le Fort II fracture and Le Fort III fracture accounted for 16.1%, 14.5% and 12.9% respectively. The data were analyzed by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), surface shaded display (SSD) and volume rendering (VR) respectively. Sixty-two patients with different types of Le Fort fractures underwent CT scanning and 3D-CT reconstruction. Emerg Radiol.To evaluate the usefulness of two- dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in the identification and classification of Le Fort type fractures. Emergency radiology eponyms: part 1-Pott’s puffy tumor to Kerley B lines. Sliker CW, Steenburg SD, Archer-Arroyo K.Experimental study of fractures of the upper jaw: a critique of the original papers published by René Le Fort. The classic reprint: experimental study of fractures of the upper jaw. Étude expérimentale sur les fractures de la machoire supérieure. Nouveau moyen de les reconnaitre dans les cas fréquents ou elles ne s’accompagnent pas de déplacement In: Archives générales de médecine, 1866,Vol.2, pp5-13 Des fractures des maxillaires supérieurs. When two patterns or different categories of Le Fort fractures are involved in a single patient, the higher Le Fort classification is often applied when naming the fracture (Fig. At examination, only insignicant lesions of the alveolar border were found… Le Fort fractures are often caused by oblique, high-energy force vectors, lending to asymmetric involvement of each hemifacial unit. Three blows with a club were applied directly to the front of the upper maxilla, with moderate force. Issues to consider with Le Fort fractures, palatal fractures and alveolar ridge fractures include: Problems of dentition and dental sensation Problems of occlusion Problems of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), (lack of range of motion, pain) Eye movement exercises. He determined that predictable patterns of fractures are the result of certain types of injuries, and concluded that there are three predominant types of mid-face fractures.Įxperiment I: Female, approximately 50 years old. A Le Fort I fracture (also known as a Guerin fracture or horizontal fracture) is a single horizontal fracture through the maxilla that passes through the septum medially, extending laterally through the pyriform rims, passing below the zygomaticomaxillary suture line, and transecting the pterygomaxillary junction to interrupt the pterygoid plates. Le Fort used intact cadaver heads, and delivered blunt forces of varying degrees of magnitude and direction. where they have the least resistance.ġ901 – René Le Fort described fracture classifications based on experiments conducted in 1900 by dropping bricks on 35 cadavers and observing the pattern of maxillary fractures. Le Fort fractures are classified into three types, all of which include fracture of the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone. When a violent blow is struck backward on the face, as if one wanted to push in the part of the upper jaw lying below the nostrils, a transverse fracture is produced which passes about one centimetre below the malar bone and extends through the pterygoid processes the latter processes are always fractured at the level of thelower end of the pterygomaxillary fissure i.e. In those rare 20 occurrences, the Le Fort III fractures are the least common and are highly associated with injuries of the cervical spine, intracranial, and internal neck structures. 1866 – Alphonse Guérin (1816-1895) showed that it was possible to diagnose fractures of the maxilla which in the past might have been missed because of their lack of displacement. Introduction Le Fort fractures occur in approximately 20 of facial fractures and result from a high velocity/force mechanism of injury.
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